Miscellaneous Tratment

◆Miscellaneous Tratment◆

i) Use of Activated Carbon [add at time of coagulation& filtration.]

• Activated Carbon is a strong oxidizing compound which has surface pores.

• These pores adsorb the impurities present in water.

• It can remove odour, colour, excess fluorides, excess chlorides, organic matter, microorganisms etc.

• It can’t remove suspended solids & Turbidity of water.

• Optimum Dose = 5-20 mg/l

• If addition of Activated carbon is done during coagulation& after filtration

simultaneously, it is known, as Split Carbonation.

ii) Use of Cuso4

• It is used to prevent algae growth in water.

• It is added to the water just before the distribution.

• Optimum dose = 0.5- 0.6 mg/l.

iii) Fluoridation

• The process of addition of fluorides in water is known as Fluoridation.

• It is done by sodium Fluorides (Na2F), Sodium Fluoride sulphates (Na2FSo4) & sodium silica Fluorides.

• If the Fluoride in water is more than permissible limit, the removal of fluoride is done. This process is known as Defluorination.

• It is done by activated Carbon, Thiosulphide& bone charcoal, Lime.

iv) De- salination

• The process of removal of salts from water is known as Desalination.

• It can be done by Freezing and Reverse Osmosis,electrolytic methods ,evaporation

• Freezing is done on small scale.

• Reverse Osmosis is the process of movement of water form high concentrated to low concentrated water using semi-permeable membrane.

• Reverse Osmosis is done on commercial scale.